Iron load effect

Mila -
Q : Iron load effect?
A : Effects of iron overload

🔸Liver disease
-seen in >95% pt
-accompanied by abdominal pain, cutaneous stigmata of liver disease (palmar erythema etc..), liver failure (ascites or encephalopathy), spleonmegaly, hepatomegaly

🔸Skin bronzing/hyperpigmentation
-cause by iron deposition+melanin
-🔺of cirrhosis, DM, skin pigmentation occur late in ds

🔸DM
-progressive iron accumulate in pancrease ➡ pancreatic beta cells damage
-so pt can present with polyuria, polydypsia, ⬆ blood & urine glucose

🔸Arthropathy
-when iron accumulate in joint tissue
-most affected joint like knees, feey, wrist, MCP joint...

🔸Amenorrhea, impotence, hypogonadism
-due to pituitary iron deposition

🔸Cardiomyopathy
-cardiac enlargement (with or w/o heart failure or conduction defect)
-dilated cardiomyopathy (characterized by dev of heary failure & cardiac diaturbances)

🔸Others
-osteopenia
-osteoporosis
-hair loss (commonly affect pubic area)
-koilonychia (usually thumb, index & middle finger)